MariaDB 数据库管理系统是 MySQL 的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用 GPL 授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是：甲骨文公司收购了 MySQL 后，有将 MySQL 闭源的潜在风险，因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。MariaDB完全兼容mysql，使用方法也是一样的
有的centos7已经默认安装了Mariadb，可以查看自己的有没有安装，没有安装的再进行安装，已经安装了可以不用安装也可以卸载了重装。卸载命令 yum remove mariadb-server
1 [root@mini ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 2 CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 3 [root@mini ~]#
1、安装MariaDB
通过yum安装就行了。简单快捷，安装mariadb-server，默认依赖安装mariadb，一个是服务端、一个是客户端。
[root@mini ~]# yum install mariadb-server
2、配置MariaDB
1）安装完成后首先要把MariaDB服务开启，并设置为开机启动
[root@mini ~]# systemctl start mariadb # 开启服务
[root@mini ~]
# systemctl enable mariadb # 设置为开机自启动服务
2）首次安装需要进行数据库的配置，命令都和mysql的一样
[root@mini ~]# mysql_secure_installation
3）配置时出现的各个选项
Enter current password for root (enter for none): # 输入数据库超级管理员root的密码(注意不是系统root的密码)，第一次进入还没有设置密码则直接回车 Set root password? [Y/n] # 设置密码，y New password: # 新密码 Re-enter new password: # 再次输入密码 Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] # 移除匿名用户， y Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] # 拒绝root远程登录，n，不管y/n，都会拒绝root远程登录 Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] # 删除test数据库，y：删除。n：不删除，数据库中会有一个test数据库，一般不需要 Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] # 重新加载权限表，y。或者重启服务也许
4）测试是否能够登录成功，出现 MariaDB [(none)]> 就表示已经能够正常登录使用MariaDB数据库了
[root@mini ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 8 Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
3、设置MariaDB字符集为utf-8
1）/etc/my.cnf 文件
在 [mysqld] 标签下添加
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci' init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci skip-character-set-client-handshake
2）/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件
在 [client] 标签下添加
default-character-set=utf8
3）/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf 文件
在 [mysql] 标签下添加
default-character-set=utf8
4）重启服务
[root@mini ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
5）进入mariadb查看字符集
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%"; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec) +----------------------+-------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-------------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci | | collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci | +----------------------+-------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%"; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
4、远程链接mariadb数据库
mariadb默认是拒绝 root 远程登录的。这里用的是 navicat 软件连接数据库
1）关闭防火墙
① 关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld
[root@mini ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
② 在不关闭防火墙的情况下，允许某端口的外来链接。步骤如下，开启3306端口，重启防火墙
[root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp # 查看3306端口是否开启 no [root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent # 开启3306端口 success [root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --reload # 重启防火墙 success [root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp # 查看3306端口是否开启 yes
2）先查看mysql数据库中的user表
[root@mini ~]# mysql -u root -p # 先通过本地链接进入数据库 MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql; MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user; +-----------+------+ | host | user | +-----------+------+ | 127.0.0.1 | root | | ::1 | root | | mini | root | +-----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3）将与主机名相等的字段改为 “%” ，我的主机名为mini，
MariaDB [mysql]> update user set host='%' where host='mini'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user; +-----------+------+ | host | user | +-----------+------+ | % | root | | 127.0.0.1 | root | | localhost | root | +-----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4）刷新权限表，或重启mariadb服务，一下二选一即可
MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@mini ~]# systemctl restart mariadb
注意：刷新权限表是在数据库中，重启服务是在外部命令行中
6）重新远程链接mariadb
